Launched in 2008 by ISRO, Chandrayaan-1 was India’s first lunar mission. It successfully orbited the Moon and made a groundbreaking discovery — water molecules on the lunar surface. The mission marked India’s entry into deep space exploration and set the foundation for future lunar missions like Chandrayaan-2 and Chandrayaan-3.
Analog Missions are Earth-based simulations that replicate space conditions to study human performance, technology testing, and survival strategies for long-duration missions on the Moon or Mars. NASA’s HI-SEAS and NEEMO programs are key examples that help scientists prepare astronauts for real missions in extreme environments.
Axiom-4, launched in June 2025, was the fourth private astronaut mission to the International Space Station. The crew included members from India, Poland, and Hungary, marking global collaboration in commercial spaceflight. The mission focused on microgravity research, technology experiments, and STEM outreach, paving the way for the future of private space stations.
This document was prepared by our team member Ayaan from Space Science and Aeronautical Engineering.
He has done excellent work in compiling this content for educational purposes.
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